Major haemorrhage protocol trauma station

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A 35-year-old male is brought to the emergency department after a high-speed road traffic accident. He is pale, clammy, hypotensive (BP 80/50), tachycardic (HR 130), and confused. There is obvious major bleeding from a laceration to his thigh.

You are asked to manage this patient according to the Major Haemorrhage Protocol (MHP).

1. What is Initial Assessment and Immediate Actions (6 marks)

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Spoiler

A – Airway: Ensure airway is patent, consider cervical spine protection (1)
B – Breathing: Oxygen therapy, assess for tension pneumothorax, haemothorax, etc. (1)
C – Circulation:
Rapid assessment of shock (pale, clammy, hypotensive) (1)
Apply direct pressure / tourniquet for external bleeding (1)
Insert large-bore IV or central access (1)
Send baseline labs (FBC, U&E, coagulation, fibrinogen, blood group and crossmatch) (1)

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2. Explain the steps, Activation of Major Haemorrhage Protocol (4 marks)

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3. Explain the steps in Resuscitation and Monitoring (5 marks)