Mock7 HIV
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What type of virus is HIV
Single Stranded RNA
What are subtypes of HIV
HIV1
HIV2How is HIV transmitted
Through body fluids / blood
What are causes of true and false aneurysm
True:Weakening and dilation of vessel wall
False:
Damage to vessel wall
Difference between True and Pseudoaneurysm
True:Involves all 3 layers
False:
Tunica intima and media
Blood only contained by adventitiaPrecautions to stop bleeding
Wash hands
double glove
Gown, mask, glasses
Stop bleeding by compression of bleeding areaBleeding not stopped, why?
Coagulopathy due to depletion of Vit K dependent clotting factors 1972 due to liver
Platelet depletionSequence of clotting
Injury to blood vessels -> platelet aggregation -> platelet plug -> activation of intrinsic pathway then common pathway
Why are clotting factors not working properly?
Coagulopathy due to depletion Vit K dependent 1972
Low CD4 count in HIV leads to bone marrow failure.What are the symptoms of cryoglobulinemia & how do they occur?
Increase blood viscosity → reducing blood flow to tissues → hyperviscosity syndrome (i.e. headache, confusion, blurry or loss of vision, asthenia).
Deposit in small arteries and capillaries thereby → plugging → causing infarction and necrosis of tissues including in particular skin (e.g. ears), distal extremities, and kidneys (skin ulcers).
Deposit on endothelium of blood vessels and initiating → cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, peripheral neuropathy.
Arthralgia and purpura.Describe Flow of Lymph Node
After entering the lymph node from afferent lymphatic vessels, lymph flows into subcapsular sinus, then into cortical sinuses, then collects in medullary sinuses.
All of these sinuses drain into the efferent lymph vessels to exit the node at the hilum on the concave side.Causes of bleeding tendency in HIV?
Thrombocytopenia via immune-mediated destruction of platelets & megakaryocytes, impaired haematopoiesis due to infection of stromal cells with bone marrow inhibition and immune-mediated inhibition of bone marrow.
Endothelial cell dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells leading to activation of coagulation factors & consumption of coagulation factors.
HIV-related liver disease and decreased production of coagulation factors (especially vitamin K-dependent clotting factors).
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